On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic➀
Wordsworth
Once did She hold the gorgeous east in fee➁;
And was the safeguard of the west: the worth➂
Of Venice did not fall below her birth,
Venice,the eldest Child of Liberty➃.
She was a maiden City,bright and free;
No guile seduced,no force could violate;
And,when she took unto herself a Mate,
She must espouse the everlasting Sea➄.
And what if she had seen those glories fade,
Those titles vanish,and that strength decay;
Yet shall some tribute of regret be paid➅
When her long life hath reached its final day:
Men are we,and must grieve when even the Shade
Of that which once was great is passed away.
➀威尼斯共和国成立于7世纪末叶,后来国势日盛,成为欧亚之间的商业中心,称雄于地中海,曾多次与热那亚、土耳其等国交战。1797年,威尼斯共和国为拿破仑所灭。
➁当时英国人所说的“东方”,往往是指西亚和南欧一带。威尼斯曾在这一带称雄,所以说她一度主宰过东方。
➂指威尼斯的强大海军遏制了土耳其进犯西方各国的野心。
➃匈奴人于5世纪,伦巴德人于6世纪相继侵入意大利北部,当地一部分居民因不愿遭受奴役,陆续迁往威尼斯的潟湖诸岛定居,这就是的威尼斯共和国的基础和雏形。华兹华斯认为,威尼斯共和国体现了反对奴役、维护自由的精神,而又成立得最早,所以称之为“自由女神第一个婴孩”。
➄998年,威尼斯共和国总督在肃清了亚得里亚海北部的海盗之后,宣布由威尼斯负责保护这一片海域。此后,每年耶稣升天节都要举行隆重仪式,由总督把一枚金戒指投入海中,以象征威尼斯与亚得里亚海的“婚礼”。
➅威尼斯共和国的历史约有1100年(7世纪末至18世纪末),所以说是“悠长的生命”。
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