鹿跳泉

林水云风

Hart-leap Well
Wordsworth

Hart-Leap Well is a small spring of water，about five miles from Richmond in Yorkshire，and near the side of the road that leads from Richmond to Askrigg. Its name is derived from a remarkable chase，the memory of which is preserved by the monuments spoken of in the second Part of the following Poem，which monuments do now exist as I have there described them➀.


Part First

The Knight had ridden down from Wensley Moor➁
With the slow motion of a summer’s cloud，
And now，as he approached a Vassal’s door，
‘Bring another Horse!’he cried aloud.

‘Another Horse!’—That shout the Vassal heard
And saddled his best Steed，a comely Grey；
Sir Walter mounted him；he was the third
Which he had mounted on that glorious day.

Joy sparkeled in the prancing Courser’s eyes；
The horse and horseman are a happy pair；
But，though Sir Walter like a falcon flies，
There is a doleful silence in the air.

A rout this morning left Sir Walter’s Hall，
That as they galloped made the echoes roar；
But horse and man are vanish’d，one and all；
Such race，I think，was never seen before.

Sir Walter，restless as a veering wind，
Calls to the few tired dogs that yet remain:
Brach，Swift，and Music，noblest of their kind➂，
Follow，and up the weary mountain strain.

The Knight hallooed，he cheered and chid them on
With suppliant gestures and upbraidings stern；
But breath and eyesight fail；and，one by one，
The dogs are stretched among the mountain fern.

Where is the throng，the tumult of the race?
The bugles that so joyfully were blown?
—This chase it looks not like an earthly chase；
Sir Walter and the Hart are left alone.

The poor Hart toils along the mountain side；
I will not stop to tell how far he fled，
Nor will I mention by what death he died；
But now the Knight beholds him lying dead.

Dismounting then，he leaned against a thorn；
He had no follower，dog，nor man，nor boy:
He neither cracked his whip，nor blew his horn，
But gazed upon the spoil with silent joy.

Close to the thorn on which Sir Walter leaned
Stood his dumb partner in this glorious feat；
Weak as a lamb the hour that it is yeaned；
And white with foam as if with cleaving sleet.

Upon his side the Hart was lying stretched:
His nostril touched a spring beneath a hill，
And with the last deep groan his breath had fetched
The waters of the spring were trembling still.

And now，too happy for repose or rest，
（never had living man such joyful lot!）
Sir Walter walked all round，north，south，and west，
And gazed and gazed upon that darling spot.

And climbing up the hill—（it was at least
Four roods of sheer ascent）Sir Walter found
Three several hoof-marks which the hunted Beast
Had left imprinted on the grassy ground.

Sir Walter wiped his face，and cried，‘Till now
Such sight was never seen by human eyes:
Three leaps have borne him from this lofty brow
Down to the very fountain where he lies.

‘I’ll build a pleasure-house upon this spot，
And a small arbour，made for rural joy；
’Twill be the traveller’s shed，the pilgrim’s cot，
A place of love for damsels that are coy.

‘A cunning Artist will I have to frame
A basin for that fountain in the dell!
And they who do make mention of the same，
From this day forth，shall call it Hart-leap Well.

‘And，gallant Stag! to make thy praises known，
Another monument shall here be raised；
Three several pillars，each a rough-hewn stone，
And planted where thy hoofs the turf have grazed.

‘And in the summer-time，when days are long，
I will come hither with my paramour；
And with the dancers and the minstrel’s song
We will make merry in that pleasant bower.

‘Till the foundations of the mountains fail
My mansion with its arbour shall endure；—
The joy of them who till the fields of Swale，
And them who dwell among the woods of Ure➃!’

Then home he went，and left the Hart stone-dead，
With breathless nostrils stretched above the spring.
—Soon did the Knight perform what he had said；
And far and wide the fame thereof did ring.

Ere thrice the Moon into her port had steered，
A cup of stone received the living well；
Three pillars of rude stone Sir Walter reared，
And built a house of pleasure in the dell.

And，near the fountain，flowers of stature tall
With trailing plants and trees were intertwined，—
Which soon composed a little sylvan hall，
A leafy shelter from the sun and wind.

And thither，when the summer days were long，
Sir Walter led his wondering Paramour；
And with the dancers and the minstrel’s song
Made merriment within that pleasant bower.

The Knight，Sir Walter，died in course of time，
And his bones lie in his paternal vale.—
But there is matter for a second rhyme，
And I to this would add another tale.

➀这篇小序是华兹华斯自己写的。序中提到的约克郡位于英格兰北部，里士满和阿斯克里格都是约克郡北部的城镇。
➁温斯利荒原在约克郡北部。
➂“白狼”、“飞毛腿”、“金嗓子”是三条猎狗的诨名。
➃绥尔河和尤尔河都在约克郡境内。

林水云风

鹿跳泉
华兹华斯  林水云风译

鹿跳泉是一处小泉水，在约克郡里士满通往阿斯克里格的路旁，距里士满约五英里。泉水得名于一次盛大的狩猎，本诗下篇述及的纪念物就是为纪念那次狩猎而设立的。如诗中所述，这些纪念物至今犹存。


上篇

沃尔特爵士骑马走下温斯利荒原，
坐骑走得很慢，慢如夏日的云彩，
这时他来到一个家臣的门前，
高声喊道：“给我换一匹马来！”

“换一匹马来！”家臣听到叫喊，
遂牵出他那匹俊美的大灰马，
爵士纵身跃上，这是那欢乐的一天
他第三次更换他身下的座驾。

骑士和骏马是天生的一对儿，
人欢马跃狩猎者的眼里闪耀着欢乐，
可是，虽然沃尔特像鹰隼在飞，
而他的神情却显得忧郁落寞。

早上，沃尔特庄园涌出一群人马，
他们奔驰而去，声振云天，
但是人马却接二连三全部累垮，
这样的狩猎，我想我是从未看见。

沃尔特急得像乱转的旋风，
喊着仅剩下的几条疲惫的猎狗——
白狼、飞毛腿、金嗓子——狗中的英雄，
要跟着他，要奋力爬上山头。

爵士吆喝着，连鼓动带申斥，
要么是低气央求，要么是高声怒骂，
但几只狗气喘吁吁，眼已无光，
累瘫了腿，皆趴在了山下。

喧闹的大队人马都已无影无踪，
欢畅的摇舞和乐声也都已偃旗息鼓，
这次狩猎根本就不是一次狩猎，
只剩沃尔特与那只鹿在角逐。

可怜的鹿沿着山坡拼命奔跑，
它到底跑了多远，到底怎么死的，
这些我先暂且不详细说了，
这时只见沃尔特看着死去的鹿。

他翻身下马，背倚一棵树，
身边没有一条狗，也没有一个童仆，
他既没有甩响鞭，也没有吹号角，
只是窃喜，注视他的猎物。

在沃尔特背靠的树旁，
站着那匹立下汗马功劳的骏马，
像刚刚生下的羊羔一样瘫软，
浑身是白沫，似雨淋雪洒。

鹿躺在那里，已经伸直了腿，
鼻孔贴着山下的一股清泉，
它咽气时最后吐出的一口呻吟，
惊得清泉是一阵的冷颤。

此刻沃尔特兴奋异常，不能安静，
（没人会这样欣喜若狂！）
他东一头西一头地乱转，
朝那股可爱的清泉望了又望。

沃尔特爬上山头（山坡陡峭，
上下相距有六七十米），他看见
这只被追的鹿在这段距离的
草坡上只留下三个蹄印。

沃尔特擦把脸，叫道，“从古到今，
什么人见到过这样的奇迹，
它只跳三下，便从这么高的山头
跳到了泉边，在那儿死去。

“我要在这个地方，建一个
有乡村情趣的游乐客舍和花亭，
让过客下榻，让游人安歇，
让羞涩的女孩到此说爱谈情。

“我还要请来能工巧匠
就在这泉边上修砌一个水潭，
从今以后，不管谁再提到这里，
都得要叫它——鹿跳泉。

“还有，勇敢的鹿，为给你扬名，
我要在这儿给你树碑立传，
我要用粗石造三根石柱，
立在你抓破草皮的蹄印边。

“等到夏天，天越来越长，
到时我会带上我的情人来这里，
我们载歌载舞，尽情欢乐，
使庭园成为最迷人之地。

“只要没有山崩地裂，
我的这处庭园就会永久留存，
它的欢乐属于生活在绥尔河两岸的
以及尤尔河林地的人民！”

沃尔特说完而返，留下死鹿，
死鹿已全身僵硬横在泉边。
爵士很快就兑现了他说过的话，
跳鹿泉随即播名遥远。

月亮盈亏圆缺还不到三次，
清澈的泉水便哗哗流入了水潭，
三根粗石柱子皆已竖起，
美丽的客舍也已竣工建完。

在泉边，使茎高的野花
与藤蔓、树木相互缠绕生聚——
很快便搭成了一个小花亭，
绿叶茂盛，遮得住阳光和风雨。

很快，当夏日越来越长，
沃尔特带着她的情人来到了这里，
他们载歌载舞，尽情欢乐，
使庭园成为最迷人之地。

沃尔特爵士最后死了，
他埋在山谷里祖祖辈辈的茔地，
但有一事要写成第二部诗篇，
我接着就叙述这个故事。

叶如钢

译得神采奕奕。
韵脚自然和谐。  起初几个段落还跟随原作押了奇数句韵。
后面若都能做到， 当然更好。 因我没有尝试， 无法判定
难度如何。

林水云风

叶如钢 发表于 2016-1-14 07:14
译得神采奕奕。
韵脚自然和谐。  起初几个段落还跟随原作押了奇数句韵。
后面若都能做到， 当然更好。 因 ...

谢谢。译时只是注意了偶数韵，未求奇数韵，奇数韵是自然碰上的。

林水云风

Part Second

The moving accident is not my trade；
To freeze the blood I have no ready arts：
’Tis my delight，alone in summer shade，
To pipe a simple song for thinking hearts.

As I from Hawes to Richmond did repair➄，
It chanced that I saw standing in a dell
Three aspens at three corners of a square；
And one，not four yards distant，near a well.

What this imported I could ill divine：
And，pulling now the rein my horse to stop，
I saw three pillars standing in a line，—
The last stone-pillar on a dark hill-top.

The trees were grey，with neither arms nor head；
Half-wasted the square mound of tawny green；
So that you just might say，as then I said，
‘Here in old time the hand of man hath been.’

I looked upon the hill both far and near，
More doleful place did never eye survey；
It seemed as if the spring-time came not here，
And Nature here were willing to decay.

I stood in various thoughts and fancies lost，
When one，who was in Shepherd’s garb attired，
Came up the hollow：—him did I accost，
And what this place might be I then enquired.

The Shepherd stopped，and that same story told
Which in my former rhyme I have rehearsed➅.
‘A jolly place，’said he，‘in times of old!
But something ails it now：the spot is curst.

‘You see these lifeless stumps of aspen wood—
Some say that they are beeches，others elms—
These were the bower；and here a mansion stood，
The finest palace of a hundred realms!

‘The arbour does its own condition tell；
You see the stones，the fountain，and the stream；
But as to the great Lodge! you might as well
Hunt half a day for a forgotten dream.

‘There’s neither dog nor heifer，horse nor sheep，
Will wet his lips within that cup of stone；
And oftentimes，when all are fast asleep，
This water doth send forth a dolorous groan.

‘Some say that here a murder has been done，
And blood cries out for blood: but，for my part，
I’ve guessed，when I’ve been sitting in the sun，
That it was all for that unhappy Hart.

‘What thoughts must through the creature’s brain have past!
Even from the topmost stone，upon the steep，
Are but three bounds—and look，Sir，at this last—
O Master! it has been a cruel leap.

‘For thirteen hours he ran a desperate race➆；
And in my simple mind we cannot tell
What cause the Hart might have to love this place，
And come and make his death-bed near the well.

‘Here on the grass perhaps asleep he sank，
Lulled by the fountain in the summer-tide；
This water was perhaps the first he drank
When he had wandered from his mother’s side.

‘In April here beneath the flowering thorn
He heard the birds their morning carols sing；
And he，perhaps，for aught we know，was born
Not half a furlong from that self-same spring.

‘Now，here is neither grass nor pleasant shade；
The sun on drearier hollow never shone；
So will it be，as I have often said，
Till trees，and stones，and fountain，all are gone.’

‘Grey-headed Shepherd，thou hast spoken well；
Small difference lies between thy creed and mine:
This Beast not unobserved by Nature fell；
His death was mourned by sympathy divine.

‘The Being that is in the clouds and air，
That is in the green leaves among the groves，
Maintains a deep and reverential care
For the unoffending creatures whom he loves➇.

‘The pleasure-house is dust：—behind，before，
This is no common waste，no common gloom；
But Nature，in due course of time，once more
Shall here put on her beauty and her bloom.

‘She leaves these objects to a slow decay，
That what we are，and have been，may be known；
But at the coming of the milder day
These monuments shall all be overgrown.

‘One lesson，Shepherd，let us two divide，
Taught both by what she shows，and what conceals；
Never to blend our pleasure or our pride
With sorrow of the meanest thing that feels.’

➄霍斯，约克郡一集镇，在里士满西南。
➅“前篇”，指本诗第一部。
➆老牧人的这句话透露了：沃尔特爵士和他的大群人、马、猎狗追袭这头鹿，竟连续追袭了十三个小时之久。本诗第一部中着力渲染的一些情节（“人马都垮了”，残存的几条猎狗也都趴下了；沃尔特一天之内换乘了三匹坐骑，第二匹到后来竟“慢得像夏天的云彩”，第三匹——“最棒的一匹”终于也“像刚刚生下的羊羔一样软绵绵”了，等等），至此才恍然有了解答。
➇在欧洲人的观念中，造化（即自然）为阴性，故用“她”；上帝为阳性，故用“他”。作者认为上帝就在周遭的天光云影中，就在树林的青枝绿叶里，上帝与自然几乎合二为一，这显然是泛神论的观点。

林水云风

下篇

我编不出引人入胜的离奇情节，
我也写不出令人战栗的惊悚场景，
我的乐趣就是独坐夏日的树下，
吹一首简朴的乐曲，愿有心人倾听。

有一次我从霍斯去里士满，
途中偶然望见山谷里的一块儿方田，
有三棵白杨长在三个角上，
一棵离泉水，大约三四米远。

这意味着什么，我难以看清，
我于是拉住了缰绳，叫马停住，
我这才又看见三根石柱并立于一线，
最后的一根立在阴郁的山头。

树木皆衰朽枯萎，残枝败叶，
山坡泛黄，几乎是一片的荒凉，
想你一定会说，就像我说的一样，
“这儿是被人废弃的地方。”

我望遍这座山的远远近近，
我从未见过这样凄凉的景色，
就好像春天从来不曾光临这里，
就好像大自然有意让这里变得落魄。

我伫立着，陷入千思万想，
这时候，一个一身牧羊人打扮的人
走向这里，我遂朝他走过去，
遂向他打听这地方的旧闻。

牧羊人停步，跟我说起故事，
我上篇说的，就是复述他所说的。
他说，“早先，这儿是快活的地方，
但现在全完了，这地儿遭了天责。

“你看这几棵枯死的白杨——
有人说是山毛榉，有人说是榆树——
这儿就是花亭，那儿是客舍，
这可是百里挑一的好去处。

“从花亭的现状可见其旧貌，
你看那石柱，那山泉，那溪流潺潺，
但说起那客舍，你可以花上半天
去寻找那已被遗忘的梦幻。

“再也没有牛羊，再也没有狗马
到水潭这儿来饮水，经常，
当夜深人静，万物入睡，
泉水就会呻吟，悲切忧伤。

“有人说这儿发生过一次凶杀，
因冤冤相报，遂造成这样的情景，
可我坐在阳光下想过，照我想，
这儿绝对是遭到那只不幸的鹿的报应。

“那只鹿当时在想什么呢？
从山顶那根石柱，沿着陡坡，
它只跳了三下——你看，就到了这里——
天啊，它是豁出了命这么做。

“它跑了十三个钟头，为了逃命，
咱脑子不聪明，真是很难推断
它为什么一心惦记着这地方，
非要一头栽在这儿，死在泉边。

“或许它曾在这块儿草地上入睡，
夏日里，山泉是它的吹眠曲，
或许它刚刚离开母亲的身边，
初次喝到的，便是这里的泉水。

“或许在春天的早晨，鲜花盛开，
它在这儿听百鸟纵情歌唱，
或许，也很有可能，它就出生在
离这泉水不到百米的地方。

“如今，这儿不长草，也无树荫，
阳光永远照不到这沉闷的山谷，
我常说，这儿会永远如此，
树木、石头、山泉都会化为虚无。”

“老牧人，你说的非常在理，
我和你的想法差不了多少，
这只鹿的命运，造化早已关注，
她已向鹿的死表示了神圣悲悯的哀悼。

“上帝居于云天之中，
居于树丛的青枝绿叶之上，
凡是无害生灵，他皆喜爱并关照，
他的情感至深至诚，宽厚无量。

“客舍已成瓦砾，前后左右，
是一片荒凉，一片阴暗，
但是造化，来日方长，她会再次
让这里繁花似锦，美轮美奂。

“她让这里的一切慢慢腐朽，
她让人们记住往日与如今的兴衰，
待到有一天，时来运转，
在这些遗迹上，又会鲜花盛开。

“老牧人，她给我们上了鲜明的一课，
什么是她要展现的，什么是她隐藏的，
我们不能把我们的欢乐和豪情
建立在卑贱生灵的痛苦之上。”

林水云风

《狼图腾》电影最后追死头狼的情景，与这诗追死鹿的情景，非常相似，寓意也相近。