To B. R. Haydon,on Seeing His Picture of
Napoleon Buonaparte on the Island of St. Helena➀
Wordsworth
Haydon! Let worthier judges praise the skill
Here by thy pencil shown in truth of lines
And charm of colours;I applaud those signs
Of thought,that give the true poetic thrill;
That unencumbered whole of blank and still
Sky without cloud—ocean without a wave;
And the one Man that laboured to enslave
The World,sole-standing high on the bare hill—
Back turned,arms folded,the unapparent face
Tinged,we may fancy,in this dreary place
With light reflected from the invisible sun
Set,like his fortunes;but not set for aye
Like them. The unguilty Power pursues his way➁,
And before him doth dawn perpetual run➂.
➀本杰明•罗伯特•海登(1786—1846),英国画家,华兹华斯和济慈的友人。有才能,性狷介,终身贫困潦倒,曾因负债入狱,最后自杀于伦敦。《拿破仑在圣赫勒拿岛》是他的代表作之一。拿破仑1815年在滑铁卢战役中大败,被流放于南大西洋的圣赫勒拿岛,1821年在该岛死去。华兹华斯这首十四行诗,像他的《献给民族独立和自由的诗》一样,对拿破仑持否定和谴责的态度。
➁把太阳称为“无罪的君王”,暗示拿破仑是“有罪的君王”。
➂末行的“他”指“红日”。古人把帝王比作太阳,其实,人间“有罪的君王”永远也不能与天上“无罪的君王”齐光并耀。华兹华斯在这里指出:帝王的权势威名像夕阳那样沉落以后,绝不会再像朝阳那样升起。
|