《译诗:一首诗取代了一座高山》
史蒂文斯 原作
雪歌 (阿泳)译
在那里,一字一句,
这首诗取代了一座高山。
他呼吸诗中的氧,
即使这书在桌上蒙尘。
让他想起他曾多么需要
去往一个自己决定的方向,
又是怎样地,他重新排列松林,
移动了岩石,在浓云中挑出道路,
去抵达确切的前景,在那儿
他将成就自我,无以言表的完整:
到最后,当他所有缺憾慢慢弥合
在那完美的山岩上,他将发现美景,
他可以躺卧,可以俯瞰大海,
找出他唯一的自我的居所。
2017年3月27日
原诗:
The Poem That Took The Place Of A Mountain
By Wallace Stevens
There it was, word for word,
The poem that took the place of a mountain.
He breathed its oxygen,
Even when the book lay turned in the dust of his table.
It reminded him how he had needed
A place to go to in his own direction,
How he had recomposed the pines,
Shifted the rocks and picked his way among clouds,
For the outlook that would be right,
Where he would be complete in an unexplained completion:
The exact rock where his inexactnesses
Would discover, at last, the view toward which they had edged,
Where he could lie and, gazing down at the sea,
Recognize his unique and solitary home.
这首诗的语言并不晦涩。
但史蒂文斯往往在其诗歌的末尾数行使用复杂的句中套句的句式,达成全诗的焦点。它们极易造成翻译的失误或不达意。这首诗体现的尤其突出。
在最后两段中,为了更准确地发掘原意,我把它们重新归纳为两句有前后应承关系的单列句,如下:
"At the exact rock, at last his inexactnesses would discover the view toward which they had edged."
"(On the exact rock)He could lie and, gazing down at the sea,recognize his unique and solitary home."
我关注了其中几个关键的单词: "inexactnesses":细心的读者会注意到它是复数形式。它和后句中的“they”(had edged)是呼应的。而此处的“edged”分明是一个动词,而非作为名词的“边界”。我因此判断诗的原意是,当诗人慢慢地克服了写作中那些不完美不准确的缺憾,他就能站在一个高处,看到壮丽的美景,也找到唯一的自我的风格。(就像在一个位置最佳的地点舒服地看到美景和在美景中找到属于自己的地盘 - 他就居住在这样的景色中)。 |